Kritik an Studie: Atemwegserkrankung bei jungen Erwachsenen durch das Dampfen
Kritik an Studie: Atemwegserkrankung bei jungen Erwachsenen durch das Dampfen
Studie nicht in den Katalog der Studien zum Dampfen aufnehmen. Das hat mehrere Gründe, welche ich hier ausführlich dar legen werde.
Respiratory Conditions
Adults were asked about their current health and medical history at each wave, including whether they had previously been diagnosed with a respiratory condition, including COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma, from a physician or other health professional in the past 12 months. Among those with no history of respiratory disease at baseline, a confirmatory answer to specific respiratory conditions over follow-up defined an incident respiratory condition. In addition to assessing each respiratory condition separately, we generated a composite variable of having any lung or respiratory disease (reported ≥1 conditions). The survey instruments to assess respiratory disease have been validated against direct clinical observation and widely used in epidemiological studies.38-40

Doch damit nicht genug. Immerhin soll die Studie ja belegen das Dampfer Raucherkrankheiten bekommen. Also habe ich mir mal den Spass gemacht und die Anzahl der Teilnehmer mit Rauchererkrankungen mit der Anzahl an dampfenden oder jemals gedampft habenen in Verbindung zu setzen auch hier bei kam eine interessante Grafik heraus welche ich Euch gerne im nächsten Bild zeigen möchte.
Hierbei ergibt sich dann ein interessantes Phänomen 34 % der Teilnehmer waren oder sind Dampfer, aber 50% der angebenen Studienteilnehmer haben Rauchererkrankungen. *Am Kopf kratz* wie geht das zusammen?
Nun kommen wir zu den Aussagen, welche in der Studie niedergeschrieben wurden. Im schriftlichen Teil wurden auch Aussagen vorgenommen, welche sehr "interessant" sind und auf die ich hier gleich mal eingehen möchte. Fangen wir mit der Einleitung an.
Introduction
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased dramatically since their introduction to the US market in 2007.1-3 While a 2018 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report4 found substantial evidence that exposure to toxic substances from e-cigarettes is significantly lower compared with combustible cigarettes, recent studies and case reports suggest that e-cigarettes may present their own unique health risks, including to the respiratory system.5-8 e-Cigarettes are known to contain harmful or potentially harmful constituents, including volatile organic compounds, heavy metals, and ultrafine particles.9-12 e-Cigarette use has been associated with increased airway resistance, impairment of the immune system, and increased cytotoxic effects in the lungs.
... Although a handful of cross-sectional studies have reported that e-cigarette use was associated with respiratory symptoms (eg, wheezing and related respiratory symptoms) and clinical outcomes. including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),29-33 the causality of the association could not be established given the cross-sectional design.
A 2019 longitudinal study by Bhatta and Glantz using Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study waves 1 through 3 found an association of e-cigarette use with a composite respiratory disease outcome. However, the study by Bhatta and Glantz did not consider the timing of respiratory events over follow-up and was underpowered to evaluate specific respiratory conditions. Additionally, the study included only crude adjustment for cigarette smoking history and did not examine the sensitivity of findings to potential reverse causal biases associated with preclinical disease.Warum erwähnt man diese Studie. WTF diese Studie musste zurückgezogen werden. (siehe Keine Glantzstücke mehr)
Discussion
.... Studies have documented that exclusive e-cigarette use may be associated with higher exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents compared with tobacco nonuse.
....Globally, COPD is a significant public health problem and leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In the US, COPD affects more that 14.8 million adults and is the fourth leading cause of death. In addition, more than 25 million people in the US have asthma. Combined, asthma and COPD cause more than 1 million hospitalizations and more than 15 million lost work days. Our findings highlight the potential respiratory harms associated with e-cigarette use and the importance of developing regulations to combat their increasing use.Hier verweise ich nun einfach mal auf die Rubrik Gesundheitseffekte in der Studiensammlung rund ums Dampfen. Denn dieser Absatz ist gequirlte Sche.... Sorry andere Worte fielen mir dazu nicht ein.
Conclusions and RelevancePuuh, diese Studie will also belegen, das Dampfen riskant ist und Atemwegserkrankungen verursachen kann? Nun wie schon mehrfach erwähnt. Solange Raucher zum Dampfen umsteigen. , lässt es sich nur schwer herausfinden, welche Erkrankungen sich auf das Rauchen zurück führen lassen und welche durch das Dampfen entstanden sind. Thema Langzeitschäden möchte ich dazu einfach nur mal anmerken.
This cohort study found that e-cigarette use was associated with an increased risk of developing respiratory disease independent of cigarette smoking. These findings add important evidence on the risk profile of novel tobacco products.
Fazit